CSS Environmental Sciences Complete Guide With Free Preparation Material
CSS Environmental Sciences is one of the most important compulsory papers of this competitive exam, as it covers all the basic knowledge required for a bureaucrat about Pakistan. A lot of preparatory material is in the market, but updated, reliable, and comprehensive material is required to clear this paper in this competitive exam.
CSS Environmental Sciences Syllabus Overview
I. History of Environmental Thought
- Environment and Sustainable Development
- History of Environmental Movements
- Industrial and Agriculture Revolution
- United Nations Conference on Human Environment 1972
- Our Common Future 1987
- Rio Summit 1992
- Agenda 21
- World Summit on Sustainable Development 2002
- Rio Summit-II, 2012
- Millennium Development Goals
II. Sustainable Development Issues
- Population Growth
- Poverty
- Biodiversity Loss and its Conservation
- Energy Security (Conservation and Alternative Resources)
- Urbanization and Sustainable Cities
- Carrying Capacity and Ecological Footprint
- Food Security and Sustainable Agriculture
- Ecological Restoration
III. Interdisciplinary Nature of Environmental Science
- Environmental Biology
- Environmental Chemistry
- Environmental Physics
- Environmental Microbiology
- Environmental Toxicology
- Environmental Economics
- Environmental Geology
- Environmental Geography
- Environmental Biotechnology
- Environmental Sociology
IV. Environmental Pollution
- Air Pollution
- Water Pollution
- Soil Pollution
- Noise Pollution
- Solid Waste
- Water Logging & Salinity
- Deforestation
- Desertification
- Eutrophication
- Global and Regional Air Pollution Problems:
- Greenhouse Effect
- Global Warming / Climate Change
- Ozone Depletion
- Acid Rain
V. Climate Change
- Climate Patterns at Local, Regional, and Global Scales
- Types of Climate: Tropical, Mid-latitude, Polar
- Climate Change Processes, Drivers, and Indicators
- Effects on Natural and Societal Systems
- Carbon Footprint
- Adaptation and Mitigation
- Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), REDD+
- Global Politics on Climate Change: India, China, USA (Copenhagen Accord 2009)
VI. Environmental Governance
- National Conservation Strategy 1992
- National Environmental Policy Act 2005
- Environmental Protection Act 1997
- Pak-EPA (Review of IEE/EIA) Regulations 2000
- Hospital Waste Management Rules 2005
- Pollution Charge Rules
- Sample Rules
- Solid Waste Management Plan 2005
- Hazardous Substances Rules 2005
- National Drinking Water Policy 2009
- Sanitation Policy
- National Climate Change Policy 2012
VII. Global Initiatives
- Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
- Cartagena Protocol on Bio-safety
- Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES)
- Ramsar Convention
- Convention on Migratory Species (CMS)
- UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
- Kyoto Protocol to UNFCCC
- Montreal Protocol (Ozone Layer)
- UN Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD)
VIII. Environmental Assessment and Management
- Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
- Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA)
- Environmental Management Systems (ISO 14000)
- Occupational Health & Safety Systems (OHSAS 18000)
- Participatory Environmental Management
- Technological Approaches to Environmental Management
- Solid Waste Management Approaches
- Disaster Risk Management
- Pollution Control Technologies
- GIS and Remote Sensing
- Natural Resources Management
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