CSS Agriculture & Forestry is one of the most important compulsory papers of this competitive exam, as it covers all the basic knowledge required for a bureaucrat about Pakistan. A lot of preparatory material is in the market, but updated, reliable, and comprehensive material is required to clear this paper in this competitive exam.
I. Concept of Integrated Agriculture
Components of natural resources as bases for agriculture production (Land, Water, biological, Environmental, Solar, Energy)
II. Challenges in Pakistan’s Agriculture
Present scenario and future prospects. Analytical overview: issues and strategies for improvement of crop management, livestock management, fisheries, cottage industry, resource management and rural development. Institutions and policies: issues and options.
III. Elements of Climate and Relationship with Crop Growth
Farming Systems, biological nitrogen fixation, soil profile, structure and texture, soil fertility, soil erosion and conservation, water logging and salinity
IV. Genetic Improvement for Crop Production
V. Horticulture
Agriculture mechanization, land tenure and land reforms, role of agriculture in national economy.
VI. Rainfed and Irrigated Agriculture
I. Forest, Rangelands, and Wildlife
II. Forest Management and Utilization
III. Range Management and Utilization
IV. Forest Wealth Statistics
V. Wildlife as Value Addition to Forestry
VI. Forest-Based Wildlife Resources of Pakistan
VII. Types of Forestry
VIII. Impact of Man-Made Forests
IX. Watershed Management
X. Forest Laws and Policies
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